FDI investments cap

FDI – Industrywise Sectoral Caps

Sectoral Caps/Limits on Investments by Persons Resident Outside India or Foreign Companies for each Industry

S. No.	Sector	Investment Cap	Description of Activity/Items/Conditions
1.	Private Sector Banking	49%	Subject to guidelines issued by RBI from time to time
2.	Non-Banking Financial Com-panies (NBFC)	100%	FDI/NRI investments allowed in the following 19 NBFC activities shall be as per the levels indicated below : (a) Activities covered – Merchant Banking; Under Writing; Portfolio Management Services; Investment Advisory Services; Financial Consultancy; Stock-broking; Asset Management; Venture Capital; Custodial Services; Factoring; Credit Reference Agencies; Leasing & Finance; Housing Finance; Forex-broking; Credit Card Business; Money-changing Business; Micro-credit; Rural credit. (b) Minimum Capitalisation norms for fund based (NBFCs) – (i) For FDI upto 51%, US $ 0.5 million to be brought in upfront; (ii) If the FDI is above 51% and upto 75%, US $ 5 million to be brought upfront; (iii) If the FDI is above 75% and upto 100%, US $ 50 million out of which $ 7.5 million to be brought in upfront and the balance in 24 months. (c) Minimum Capitalisation norms for non-fund based activities – Minimum Capitalisation norm of US $ 0.5 million is applicable in respect of non-fund based NBFCs with foreign in¬vestment. (d) Foreign investors can set up 100% operating subsidi¬aries without the condition to disinvest a minimum of 25% of its equity to Indian entities, subject to bringing in US $ 50 million as at (b) (iii) above (without any restriction on number of oper¬ating subsidiaries without bringing in additional capital). (e) Joint Venture Operating NBFCs that have 75% or less than 75% foreign investment will also be allowed to set up sub¬sidiaries for undertaking other NBFC activities, subject to the subsidiaries also complying with the applicable minimum capital inflow i.e., (b)(i) and (b)(ii) above. (f) FDI in the NBFC sector is put on automatic route subject to compliance with guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India. RBI would issue appropriate guidelines in this regard.
3.	Insurance	26%	FDI upto 26% in the Insurance sector is allowed on the automatic route subject to obtaining licence from Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA)
4.	Telecom-munications	49%	(i) In basic, Cellular, Value Added Services, and Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite, FDI is limited to 49% subject to licencing and securi¬ty requirements and adherence by the companies (who are investing and the companies in which the investment is being made) to the license conditions for foreign equity cap and lock-in-period for transfer and addition of equity and other license provisions. (ii) ISPs with gateways, radio paging and end-to-end bandwidth, FDI is permitted upto 74% with FDI, beyond 49% requiring Government approval. These services would be subject to licensing and security requirements. (iii) No equity cap is applicable to manufacturing activities (iv) FDI upto 100% is allowed for the following activities in the telecom sector – (a) ISPs not providing gateways (both for satellite and submarine cables); (b) Infrastructure providers providing dark fibre (IP Category I); (c) Electronic Mail, and (d) Voice Mail. The above would be subject to the following conditions – (a) FDI upto 100% is allowed subject to the condition that such companies would divest 26% of their equity in favour of Indian public in 5 years, if these companies are listed in other parts of the world. (b) The above services would be subject to licensing and security requirements, wherever required. (c) Proposal for FDI beyond 49% shall be considered by FIPB on case to case basis.
5.	(i)] Petroleum Refining (Private Sector)	100%	FDI permitted upto 100% in case of private Indian companies
	(ii) Petroleum Product Marketing	100%	Subject to the existing sectoral policy and regulatory frame-work in the oil marketing sector
	(iii) Oil Exploration in both small and medium sized fields	100%	Subject to and under the policy of Government on private partici-pation in – (a) exploration of oil, and (b) the discovered fields of national oil companies
	(iv) Petroleum Product Pipelines	100%	Subject to and under the Government Policy and Regulations thereof.]
6.	Housing and Real Estate	100%	Only NRIs are al¬lowed to invest upto 100% in the areas listed below – (a) Development of serviced plots and construction of built-up residential premises; (b) Investment in real estate covering construction of residential and commercial premises including business centres and offices; (c) Development of townships; (d) City and regional level urban infrastructure facilities, including both roads and bridges; (e) Investment in manufacture of building materials; (f) Investment in participatory ventures in (a) to (c) above; (g) Investment in Housing Finance Institutions which is also opened to FDI as an NBFC.
7.	Coal & Lignite	***	(i) Private Indian companies setting up or operating power projects as well as coal and lig¬nite mines for captive consumption are allowed FDI upto 100%. (ii) 100% FDI is allowed for setting up coal processing plants subject to the condition that the company shall not do coal mining and shall not sell washed coal or sized coal from its coal processing plants in the open market and shall supply the washed or sized coal to those parties who are supplying raw coal to coal processing plants for washing or sizing. (iii) FDI upto 74% is allowed for exploration or mining of coal or lignite for captive consumption. (iv) In all the above cases, FDI is allowed upto 50% under the automatic route subject to the condition that such investment shall not exceed 49% of the equity of a PSU.
8.	Venture Capital Fund (VCF) and Venture Capital Company (VCC)		Offshore Ven¬ture Capital Funds/companies are allowed to invest in domestic venture capital undertaking as well as other companies through the automatic route, sub¬ject only to SEBI regulation and sector specific caps on FDI.
9.	Trading	***	Trading is permitted under automatic route with FDI upto 51% provided it is primarily export activi¬ties and the undertaking is an export house/trading house/super trading house/star trading house. However, under the FIPB route – (i) 100% FDI is permitted in case of trading companies for the following activities : (a) exports; (b) bulk imports with export/expanded warehouse sales; (c) cash and carry wholesale trading; (d) other import of goods or services provided at least 75% is for procurement and sale of the same group and not for third party use or onward transfer/distribution/sales. (ii) The following kinds of trading are also permitted, subject to provisions of Exim Policy – (a) Companies for providing after-sales services (that is not trading per se); (b) Domestic trading of products of JVs is permitted at the wholesale level for such trading companies who wish to market manufactured products on behalf of their joint ventures in which they have equity participation in India; (c) Trading of hi-tech items/items requiring specialised after-sales service; (d) Trading of items for social sector; (e) Trading of hi-tech, medical and diagnostic items; (f) Trading of items sourced from the small scale sector under which, based on technology provided and laid down quality specifications, a company can market that item under its brand name; (g) Domestic sourcing of products for exports; (h) Test marketing of such items for which a company has approval for manufacture provided such test marketing facility will be for a period of two years, and investment in setting up manufacturing facilities commence simultaneously with test mar¬keting; (i) FDI upto 100% permitted for e-commerce activities subject to the condition that such companies would divest 26% of their equity in favour of the Indian public in five years, if these companies are listed in other parts of the world. Such companies would engage only in business to business (B2B) e-commerce and not in retail trading.
10.	Power	100%	FDI allowed upto 100% in respect of projects relating to electricity generation, transmission and distribution, other than atomic reactor power plants. There is no limit on the project cost and quantum of foreign direct investment.
11.	Drugs & Pharmaceuticals	100%	FDI permitted upto 100% for manufacture of drugs and pharmaceuticals provided the activi¬ty does not attract compulsory licensing or involve use of recom¬binant DNA technology and specific cell/tissue targeted formula¬tions. FDI proposal for the manufacture of licensable drugs and pharmaceuticals and bulk drugs produced by recombinant DNA tech¬nology and specific cell/tissue targeted formulations will re¬quire prior Govt. approval.
12.	Road and highways, Ports and harbours	100%	In projects for construction and maintenance of roads, highways, vehicular bridges, toll roads, vehicular tunnels, ports and harbours.
13.	Hotel & Tourism	100%	The term ‘hotels’ includes res¬taurants, beach resorts and other tourist complexes providing accommodation and/or catering and food facilities to tourists. Tourism related industry include travel agencies, tour operating agencies and tourist transport operating agencies, units provid¬ing facilities for cultural, adventure and wild life experience to tourists, surface, air and water transport facilities to tourists, leisure, entertainment, amusement, sports and health units for tourists and Convention/Seminar units and Organisations. For foreign technology agreements, automatic approval is granted if – (i) Upto 3% of the capital cost of the project is proposed to be paid for technical and consultancy services including fees for architects design, supervision, etc.; (ii) Upto 3% of the net turnover is payable for franchising and marketing/publicity support fee, and (iii) Upto 10% of gross operating profit is payable for management fee, including incentive fee.
14.	Mining	74% 100%	(i) For exploration and mining of diamonds and precious stones FDI is allowed upto 74% under auto¬matic route, (ii) For exploration and mining of gold and silver and minerals other than diamonds and precious stones, metallurgy and processing FDI is allowed upto 100% under automat¬ic route, (iii) Press Note 18 (1998 series) dated 14-12-1998 would not be applicable for setting up 100% owned subsidiaries in so far as the mining sector is concerned, subject to a declaration from the applicant that he has no existing joint venture for the same area and/or the particular mineral.
15.	Advertising	100%	Advertising Sector – FDI upto 100% allowed on the automatic route
16	Films	100%	Film Sector – (Film production, exhibition and distribution including related services/products) FDI upto 100% allowed on the automatic route with no entry-level condition.
17.	Airports	74%	Govt. approval required beyond 74%
18.	Mass Rapid Transport Systems	100%	FDI upto 100% is permit¬ted on the automatic route in mass rapid transport system in all metros including associated real estate development.
19.	Pollution Control & Management	100%	In both manufacture of pollu¬tion control equipment and consultancy for integration of pollution control systems is permitted on the automatic route.
20.	Special Economic Zones	100%	All manufacturing activi¬ties except – (i) Arms and ammunition, explosives and allied items of defence equipments, defence aircrafts and warships; (ii) Atomic substances, Narcotics and Psychotropic Sub¬stances and Hazardous Chemicals; (iii) Distillation and brewing of Alcoholic drinks, and (iv) Cigarette/cigars and manufactured tobacco substitutes.
21.	Any other sector/activity (if not included in Annexure A)	100%
22.	Air Transport Services (Domestic Airlines)	100% for NRIs 49% for others	No direct or indirect equity participation by foreign airlines is allowed.
23	Townships, housing, built up infrastructure and construction development projects. The sector would include, but not be restricted to, housing, commercial premises, hotels, resorts, hospitals, educational institutions, recreational facilities, city and regional level infrastructure	100%	The investment shall be subject to the following guidelines – (a) Minimum area to be developed under each project shall be as under – (i) In case of development of serviced housing plots—10 hectares (ii) In case of construction development project—50,000 sq. mtrs. (iii) In case of combination project, any one of the above two conditions. (b) The investment shall be subject to the following conditions – (i) Minimum capitalization of US $ 10 million for wholly owned subsidiaries and US $ 5 million for joint ventures with Indian partners. The funds would have to be brought in within six months of commencement of business of the company. (ii) Original investment cannot be repatriated before a period of three years from completion of minimum capitalization. However, the investor may be permitted to exit earlier with prior approval of the Government through the FIPB. (c) At least 50% of the project must be developed within a period of five years from the date of obtaining all statutory clearances. The investor shall not be permitted to sell undeveloped plots. (d) The project shall conform to the norms and stand¬ards, as laid down in the applicable building control regulations, bye-laws, rules, and other regulations of the State Gov¬ernment/Municipal/Local Body concerned. (e) The investor shall be responsible for obtaining all necessary approvals, including those of the building/layout plans, developing internal and peripheral areas and other infra¬structure facilities, payment of development, external develop¬ment and other charges and complying with all other requirements as prescribed under applicable rules/bye-laws/regulations of the State Government/Municipal/Local Body concerned. (f) The State Government/Municipal/Local Body con¬cerned, which approves the building/development plans, shall monitor compliance of the above conditions by the developer.
	Note : For the purpose of these guidelines, “undeveloped plots” will mean where roads, water supply, street lighting, drainage, sewerage, and other conveniences, as applicable under prescribed regulations, have not been made available. It will be necessary that the investor provides this infrastructure and obtains the completion certificate from the concerned local body/service agency before he would be allowed to dispose of serviced housing plots.]

source : http://www.investinginindia.in/sectoral.htm

why why why India ?

India is now 62 years old. Is she regaining the lost glory or she is
emerging in a vibrant colors to revive its glorious past?

Lets look at the pity our citizens face in this glorious nation.
our citizens are subjected to worst humanitarian crisis in the world which
can be compared only with the sub Saharan countries.

Making 3rd class compartment in the railways to second class makes the citizens
income levels higher is the trivial belief of our government.

The government in India never works on grass root level but is only meant for
the higher income class levels.
The Income levels in India has definitely risen but who are the people
benefited from the risen incomes.

Lets take example of the India's 5 year plans--> they are never successful.

Compare India with china and we feel happy in saying "But they are not
democracy!!!".

Why we Indians feel proud in showing more backward than others?

why we have godly look for any white skin guy?

why we envy America but on the other hand don't want to become like
them?

Why we are proud of our multilingual-multi-ethnic - multi-religion unity background but are smitten off when somebody from other state or other religion is going ahead of us?

Why are we ignoring basic things of cleanliness when we know it is not good to dirty our dwellings and public places?

Why do we pay bribe even when we know it is not morally correct?

Why we tell that there is nothing left in country even when we dont have courage to modify it?
?
Why are we feeling insecured
if i am a marathi--feeling of unsecurity of number of marathi people
if i am an brahmin --feeling of unsecurity of number brahmins
if i am a open class -- feeling of unsecurity of number of seats available anywhere?


Few basic examples can prove to the world that the India Inc sucess
story is nothing but a big hype and nothing else ?
We Indians always are proud of everything in the world which is
not good and adopted from our British dynasty which now even the British
ruled out.

Why are we still following the british ways of administration which are victorian era rules?

WHy we dont have a uniform Civil code

WHy are naxalite areas still underdeveloped?

why is naxalism and internal terror groups still surviving?

why is kasab not punished even after 11 months after attack?

why is no leader in the country prosecuted till now for any corruption related issue?

why is no mulla is arrested when he gives a blind Fatwa against any person?

Why do We need to show passport for entering arunachal pradesh?

WHy do We still hear when We go to north-east or Kashmir " आप इंडिया से आए हो?"

Why we dont have a common language of communication still in India?

WHy are the northern states in favour of imposing Hindi only as common mode of communication and why dont they learn any regional language(atleast one) ?

Why are we back in all Sports? see China for example? even a stupid country like Iraq and Senegal is better than us in many games ?

Why are we interested in following american lifestyle and not imposing ours on them?

Why we dont have any froendly neighbour apart from maldives(:P) and Bhutan? Even Nepal is now Anti-India?

Why a guy has to just throw a beef/or a shoe on temple and a guy has to throw gulaal on a mosque to spark Riots?

When we can answer these questions I bet that India will Be World SuperPower( I bet better than China).
Rightly Said by somebody....
" NO Bastard can win a war for his country by Dying....He can win the war only by making the other Bastard die for his Country"

Suggestions for the free and fair conduct of Indian Democracy

1) Give one day each for every party to showcase what development they can do in that single day on a budget of say 1 billion rupees. This statistics should be given only to the parties/alliances which are at national level 1-2-max3 numbers in the order of the lok-sabha seats won in previous elections. The public shall see how they perform and then vote based upon that to the party which does the based (agreed this is inspired from the movie NAYAK)

2) There should be concept of negative voting in India as in some eastern European countries with multiparty system. In the case the candidate shall also face negative voting incase the public feels they are not competent enough.

3) If the total vote turnover in the election is less than 50% then there should be reelection there.

4) The Candidate standing for the LS/RS elections should be at least postgraduate in fields of science / engineer/doctor with minimum 60 % marks.

5) The candidates standing for the VS/LA elections should be at least graduate with 60% marks in any field during this time.

6) If the Candidate has a proven verdict related to murder/extortion/rape in any of the courts in the Indian government(district/high/supreme), He/she should be barred from contesting the election

7) There should be a option with the people to discard the elections and ask for a person with proven record in administration appointed by a panel

of supreme court judges in the case if people cast only negative voting. this means that this person will be appointed from administrative services with a very good track record for the development of that constituency.

8) if the candidate has more than 2 children he should be allowed to contest only if he has the third child/more as daughters. Max 2 sons.

9) if the candidate has wealth more than 100 million rupees, his 10% of the wealth should be hold as deposit since these candidates are most likely to spend more in election and try to recover more money.

10) IT officers can raid the offices/home of these politicians any time in 5 years tenure for 10 times. if any money not accountable is found, the politician is liable to be terminated from the membership until he accounts the money and source of income.

11) The Candidates must be given strict etiquettes training every time they are elected with a exam which will test their current affairs knowledge.

Failing to clear the exam shall result in making him undergo the course again to max of 5 times on which his membership shall be terminated.

12) No medical ground concession should be given to the candidate in all the above cases.

13) If the number of literate people in constituency is less than 65 % the elections shall not be held until the constituency is enough literate.

14) The companies shall be paid additional amount if they have employee percentage of >95% voting in the elections.

विचार-मंथन -भाग १ - सड़क

आजकल हम सब एक गतिशील जीवन चक्र मैं फसें है । हर कोई अपने जीवन मैं सफल होना चाहता है । इस होड़ मैं जीवन के मुलभुत सुख हम पूरी तरह से नही उपभोगते है । मेरे मन मैं एक विचार आया क्यों ना कोई अच्छी चीज हम करे जिससे लोगों का मनोरंजन भी हो जाए एवेम बुद्धिजीवियों के विचारो का आदान प्रदान भी आसानी से हो। इसी चाह मैं हमने यानी मैं, हरीश , विकास और प्रसाद , हम सबने यह सोच के यह ब्लॉग बनाया है।
ब्लॉग की दुनिया बड़ी न्यारी है। हम किसी आदमी तक अपने विचार बड़ी ही कुशलता से पंहुचा सकते है।

चलिए अब हम फिर हमने गतिशील जीवन के मुद्दे पे आते है।
बड़े महानगरो मैं हर सेकंड की बहुत कीमत होती है । हर देरी भारी नुक्सान के लिए जिम्मेदार हो सकती है। अब एक उदहारण ले लीजिये इस गतिशीलता का --> हर सड़क के मुख्य चौराहों पे रास्ता पार करने के लिए जेब्रा क्रॉसिंग बने हुए है। इन क्रॉसिंग का उपयोग इसलिए करना चाहिए ताकि भारी ट्रैफिक मैं हम बिना किसी अड़चन के रास्ता पार करे। क्या आपने बंगलोर की सड़को पे इस नियम का पालन करते हुए किसी को देखा है। अगर कोई पादचारी रास्ता पार करने की कोशिश करने रास्ते पर निकल आए तो वहां चालक उसी पे अपना वाहन चला देंगे। क्या हम अपने वक्त का एक क्षण इस चीज़ के लिए नही दे सकते ? और तो और रास्ते के दूसरी और से अमेरिका मैं प्रशिक्षित वाहन चालक बाए जगह से जाने के बजाये दाए और से आयेंगे। इसका मतलब गाड़ी चलाए हुए दोहरे संकट क सामना करना पड़ेगा। विक्सित देशों मैं हार्न बजाना असभ्यता की निशानी होती है और हमारे यहाँ हार्न बजाये बगैर तो गाड़ी ही नही हिलेगी। गाय बैल तो रास्ते को अपनी गोशाला समझते है। सड़क के किनारे के कुत्ते तो कुत्तियों को ताकते फिरते है। इसी बीच अगर कोई कुत्ती रास्ता क्रॉस कर किसी और कुत्ते के पास जाए तो सब कुत्ते हमारे नेताओं की तरह भोकने लगते है। रास्ते के दोनों और बड़े बड़े गतिरोधक है। ऐसे और दो एक एक करके डाल दे तो मोटोक्रोस स्पर्धा क आयोजन भी आसानी से हो सकता है ।
अब करते है ट्रैफिक जाम की बात। भाई साहब आप तो अंदाजा ही लगन छोड़ देंगे जब आपको पता चले की आपका कितना कीमती वक्त इस ट्रैफिक मैं जाया होता है।
मान लीजिये आपको अपने ऑफिस जाने के लिए १ घंटा लगता है। अब इस समय मैं आप कम से कम (बंगलोर मैं तो सही ) आधा घंटा ट्रैफिक मैं व्यतीत करते है। इस हिसाब से दिन क हुआ १ घंटा। महीने के २२ दिन मतलब २२ घंटे और ऐसे १२ महीने मतलब कुल मिला के २६४ घंटे यानी की ११ दिन। आप इस कीमती समय का मूल्य अभी नही समझ पायेगे। ट्रैफिक जाम मैं फसने पे तो आदमी हर तरफ़ से वायु प्रदुषण क शिकार होता है। हिटलर भाईसाहब तो कब के चले गए और यह ट्रक वालें और फट-फटिये छोड़ गए गैस चैंबर के जगह आ गए हम बेचारे भारतीयों को तंग करने । अगर कोई गर्भवती महिला इन सडको पे से जायेगी और अगर वोह इन जाम मैं फस गई तो अगले दिन अखबारों मैं यह भी ख़बर आ ही जायेगी की महिला ने बच्चे को बस मैं जन्म दिया।
वैसे अभी तो सब रास्ते गाड़ियों से ही भरे हुए है। पादचारियों के लिए तो कोई जगह नही है। गरीब आदमी भी आजकल फूट पाथ पे चैन से सो नही सकता की कही कोई सलमान उन पे गाड़ी ना चला दे।
कभी तो मुझे इन बस ड्राईवर पे दया आती है इस बात की, की यह लोग दिन भर इस घटिया वायु मैं अपना स्वस्थ्य ख़राब कर, घटिया सड़कों पे घटिया ट्रैफिक के बीच चला के जिंदा कैसे रहते है।
हमारा देश दुनिया के सामने मिसाल दे रहा है की हम कोई भी परिस्तिथी मैं भी जी सकते है। आखीर हम कब सुधरेंगे ? कब हम मूलभूत सुविधा के साथ साथ सड़कों की तरफ़ ध्यान देंगे। चीन के और हम बहुत ध्यान देते है और चीन की तरह प्रगति करने की भाषा करते है , लेकिन कभी सड़कों के बारे मैं कुछ क्यों नही करते।
हालत इसी तरह बरक़रार रहेंगे जब तक एक दिन ऐसा ना आ जाए की आदमी मरने पर भी दफनाने के लिए जगह ना बची हो और बगल मैं एक कार पार्क की गई हो।

Poverty in India - Analysis and Possible Solutions

Thomas Friedman said in his book " the world is flat " that capitalism is the cause for unequal wealth but socialism is a cause for equal poverty amongst the people.
India is a confused country which tried to adapt socialism at start and now slowly moving to capitalism. We are almost through the first decade of 21st century and still India rising doesn't seem to appeal us.
Let us see what India has done for the statistics sake.
When India really became free in 1947, following were the troubles it had to face when it had no experience of running the government, Literacy, poverty, and caste dominance on the society with more than 300 provinces and more than 1200 languages and dialects. The public transport was pathetic, country had no money to run government and do public welfare, the people were ignorant of changes happening in
neighborhood countries and Hindu-Muslims had a friction due to the newly formed Pakistan surrounded on both sides. However the government tried the best in the initial few years and then suddenly lost the war. The population explosion was unbearable for the Indian soil and country faced the hunger and poverty to the maximum.
This scenario was clearly evident from the following statistics.
Year 1947
literacy rate: 28%
% population below poverty line: 47%
India had started out in the 1950s with:

• high growth rates
• openness to trade and investment
• a promotional state
• expenditure awareness
• macro stability

literacy rate: 45%
% population below poverty line: 51% (?????)
But we ended the 1980s with:

• growth rates (Hindu rate of growth)(only 3.5% growth per annum)
• closure to trade and investment
• a license-obsessed, restrictive state (License Raj)
• inability to sustain social expenditures
• macro instability, indeed crisis.

The country faced a severe shortage of money and finally in the end of the license raj the economy was made open to all. This changed the scenario completely. The Chinese had achieved the unpredictable development since 1979 and now India had joined the league. Other nations surrounding India including rival Pakistan had no intention of keeping their economy as such lazy. They were already practicing and achieving good growth rate during this time. By the end of 2009 government introduced a lot of schemes which have caused the economy to boom and eradicate poverty. Opening the economy meant that we have a lot of investment and so we have a lot of new jobs created which would not had been possible. People getting fat salaries showed the unrealistic picture of economy rising but.....
The but came because of the shocking statistics which are revealed daily. India is achieving a growth rate of 8 % annually. But the population which is getting alleviated to the level of above poverty line is very less.
Today 27 % of population of India is still below poverty line and threshold of 1.5$ per day limit.
The challenge what India is facing today are:
1. Enmity with Pakistan and making the unavoidable war with Pakistan in future stretched currently like bubble-gum
2. The problem of caste and religions.
3. Corrupt politicians.
4. Imbalance of the regions.
5. Lack of infrastructure
6. water shortage in some and excess in others.
7. Linguistic differences.
8. Regional politics.
9. No strict rules for public sector employees on low performance.
10. Internal rebels Naxals, Bodos, etc.
11. long pending disputes within states and lack of neutrality with the problems.
12. Dumb legal system with a flaw for every law.
13. Reservation showed way to people and led to the competition nowhere seen in world in different communities to prove themselves more backward than others.

Phew I was only able to see these as major issues which we need to solve, may be you readers give in some comments for this article.It will be good to know about your views on this topic and suggestions.
I am no politician but APJ's vision 2020 for India doesn't seem realistic to me but with that I don't loose my hope. After all everything's are only statistics which can be overcome if all get united for a cause. If King Brutus could do everything to fight and win the kingdom by seeing a damn spider weaving his net with several unsuccessful attempts, i am no king Brutus but can definitely try for the stuff which can help he nation.

Indian Politics -Part unus-1-Congress

I always wanted to write some information of Indian political history. I felt that chossing congress party for the startup of this article was the most appropriate step to begin this series. Every week I shall write something on this topic.
The Blog will cover the history and current analysis of the parties through the minds of an individual like me who thinks that the common man never played any role in themaking of government.

PART 1 : The History
Lot of us has read in our History Text-books about the Indian freedom struggle.
We all read with whole devotion and get enraged for the atrocities by British government and also get equally patriotic for the sacrifice our forefathers have done for this gift of freedom.
Indian National Congress is one of the key-components of this freedom struggle. They are presently deciding and governing he fate of our country even after 60 years of freedom and still having strong roots in our linguistically and religiously diverse society where every individual is afraid of him/her getting lost by the future wave of globalization.
The Congress started its practicing of ideologies strongly due to mixed leaders from all religions. Lot of pro-British people whole heartedly supported congress due to the representation and importance the party had gained in the British dominated administration. All great leaders of freedom struggle were from Congress.
However this was the history. Lets Move to a time somewhere around 50’s when the country was newly republic and democratic union. At the beginning of the 50’s the new leaders from congress showed the people of India new dreams and hopes they never could imagine when they were under British rule. People had the full faith in the leadership since they were the servants of the people and supposed to be pure by heart. This illusion shattered once we enetered the 60’s as India was still not able to cope up its food production problem. People were starving in hunger when Nehru and her daughter were meeting JFK and fidel castro and giving the motto’s of hindi chini Bhai-Bhai while the common man of RK laxman dying by hunger.
People had begun to realize that congress has cheated them and messed up with the promises they had earlier given. However during this time secular thinking was still strong and so called fascist parties of Hindu Mahasabha and janasangh were never entertained during this period.
The 60’s saw the nation coming together for the wars between Sino India, Pak-India. The people were still feeling deprived of the rights. The end of sixties and beginning of seventies saw the end of license raj and green-revolution(visible only in Punjab and haryana). This made the country in terms of statistics self-sufficient.
The emergency of 76 sparked the rise of new wave of thinking individuals who were inspired by the Chinese revolution and were ready for equal rights for all Indians.
These changes led to first non-congress union government at the center and sparked a series of unstable governments due to lack of popular mandate and required plebiscite.
Nothing new happened in 80’s except the murder of Indira Gandhi which led to sympathy vote for congress and Rajeev Gandhi being chosen as the new prime-minister.
However 90’s marked the new revolution in Indian economy. It gave India the power to compete with the best and choose the best for the individuals. The almost bankrupt Indian Government finally broke its Hand Cuffs and rose like a Phoenix. The decade marked the rise of non-secular forces which took advantage of the Islamic terrorism in Kashmir and started agitation against Muslims. The Babri Masjid demolishment added spark to the boiling tension in the two communities and finally there were riots all over the country.
These changes led to rise of a Non secular party “BJP”. BJP was the fragment of the former Janasangh backed up by the VHP(vishwa Hindu Parishad”) and the RSS(“rashtriya swayam sevak sangh”). The BJP for the first time changed the indian political history by appearing a fierce competitor to the Congress. We shall discuss about BJP in some another Blog.
Congress however worked at the grass-root level and was successfully able to win in the begining of 21st century. The horizon of politics had been changed by the time then and development was the sole mandate people of majority of states voting for(forget the Hero Politics in South Indian states of TN and AP).
Congress present day is only shrinked to a party which is unable o accept its failure and trying to show hogwarts to the people claiming the responsibility of being a "Secular" party.
I shall discuss in next blog the regional parties, their rise and causes for each. Hope the blog was a refresher of your history.